SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS AND GLUCOSE MONITORING OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES – A BRIEF UPDATE
Keywords:
gestational diabetes, diagnostic criteria, continuous glucose monitoring
Abstract
Diabetes is most common metabolic and clinical condition in pregnancy. The diabetes complicating pregnancy may be either preexistent (type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes or other specific forms) or gestational diabetes. International Diabetes Federation estimates that 6% of live births had some form of hyperglycemia in pregnancy and approximately 84% of it was attributable to gestational diabetes. Pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes are associated with adverse short-term and long-term maternal and fetal outcomes. In order to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes a proper diagnosis of GDM is required and carefully monitoring and control of blood glucose levels is mandatory.
References
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[13] P.J. Vandorsten, W.C. Dodson, M.A. Espeland, W.A. Grobman, J.M. Guise, et al. NIH consensus development conference: diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus. NIH Consens State Sci Statements. Vol 29, pp 1–31, March 2013.
[14] American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care. Vol 37(Supplement 1), pp S14-S80, July 2014.
[15] T.A. Hillier, K.L. Pedula, K.K. Ogasawara, K.K. Vesco, et al. A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening. N Engl J Med; vol 384, pp 895-904, September 2021.
[16] S. Salar Farahvar, A. Walfisch, E. Sheiner. Gestational diabetes risk factors and long-term consequences for both mother and offspring: a literature review. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab; vol 10, pp 1-12, January 2018.
[17] American Diabetes Association. Management of diabetes in pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care; vol 44(Suppl. 1), pp S200–S210, March 2021.
[18] F. Yu, L. Liv, Z. Liang, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring effects on maternal glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab; vol 99, pp 4674– 4682, Octomber 2013.
[19] D.N. Voormolen, J.H. DeVries, R.M.E Sanson, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring during diabetic pregnancy (GlucoMOMS): a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab; vol 20, pp 1894–1902, April 2018.
[20] S.S. Paramasivam, K. Chinna, A.K.K. Singh, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring results in lower HbA1c in Malaysian women with insulin-treated gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabet Med; vol 35, pp 1118–1129, June 2019.
[21] G.R. Law, A. Alnaji, L. Alrefaii, D. Endersby, S.J. Cartland et al. Suboptimal Nocturnal Glucose Control Is Associated with Large for Gestational Age in Treated Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care; vol 42, pp 810-815, December 2019.
[22] R. Márquez-Pardo, I. Torres-Barea, J.A. Córdoba-Doña, D. Cruzado-Begines, L. García-Doncel, et al. Glycemic Patterns in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Is Useful Continous Glucose Monitoring at Diagnosis? Diabetes Techno Therap, vol 18, pp 271-277, July 2020.
[2] M. Schaefer, G. Songster, A. Xiang, K. Berkowitz, T.A. Buchanan, S.L. Kjos. Congenital malformations in offspring of women with hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, Vol 177, pp 1165–1171, March 1997.
[3] International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2019.
[4] S, Salar Farahvar, A. Walfisch, E. Steiner. Gestational diabetes risk factors and long-term consequences for both mother and offspring: a literature review. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab, Vol 5, pp 1-12, January 2012.
[5] H.D. McIntyre Catalano, C. Zhang, G. Desoye, E.R. Mathiesen, P. Damm. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Dis Primers vol 11, pp 47, April 2019.
[6] International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel: International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care, vol 33, pp 676–682, April 2010.
[7] B.E. Metzger, P.L. Lowe, A.R. Dyer, E.R. Trimble, U. Chaovarindr et al. Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study Cooperative Research Group. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med, vol 358, pp 1991–2002, June 2008.
[8] B.E. Metzger, P.L. Lowe, A.R. Dyer, E.R. Trimble, U. Chaovarindr et al. Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study: associations with neonatal anthropometrics. Diabetes, vol 58, pp 453–459, Octomber 2009.
[9] D.R. Hadden. Maternal blood glucose and the baby. The origins of the hyperglycaemia and pregnancy outcome study The Scott-Heron Lecture at the Royal Victoria Hospital Ulster Med J vol 70, pp 119-35, January 2002
[10] J.B. O'Sullivan, C.M. Mahan. Criteria for the oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy. Diabetes vol 13, pp 278-285, April 1964
[11] M.W. Carpenter, D.R. Coustan. Criteria for screening tests for gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol, vol 144, pp 763-773, March 1982.
[12] American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care, Vol 34(Supplement 1), pp S11-S6, September 2011.
[13] P.J. Vandorsten, W.C. Dodson, M.A. Espeland, W.A. Grobman, J.M. Guise, et al. NIH consensus development conference: diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus. NIH Consens State Sci Statements. Vol 29, pp 1–31, March 2013.
[14] American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care. Vol 37(Supplement 1), pp S14-S80, July 2014.
[15] T.A. Hillier, K.L. Pedula, K.K. Ogasawara, K.K. Vesco, et al. A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening. N Engl J Med; vol 384, pp 895-904, September 2021.
[16] S. Salar Farahvar, A. Walfisch, E. Sheiner. Gestational diabetes risk factors and long-term consequences for both mother and offspring: a literature review. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab; vol 10, pp 1-12, January 2018.
[17] American Diabetes Association. Management of diabetes in pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care; vol 44(Suppl. 1), pp S200–S210, March 2021.
[18] F. Yu, L. Liv, Z. Liang, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring effects on maternal glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab; vol 99, pp 4674– 4682, Octomber 2013.
[19] D.N. Voormolen, J.H. DeVries, R.M.E Sanson, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring during diabetic pregnancy (GlucoMOMS): a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab; vol 20, pp 1894–1902, April 2018.
[20] S.S. Paramasivam, K. Chinna, A.K.K. Singh, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring results in lower HbA1c in Malaysian women with insulin-treated gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabet Med; vol 35, pp 1118–1129, June 2019.
[21] G.R. Law, A. Alnaji, L. Alrefaii, D. Endersby, S.J. Cartland et al. Suboptimal Nocturnal Glucose Control Is Associated with Large for Gestational Age in Treated Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care; vol 42, pp 810-815, December 2019.
[22] R. Márquez-Pardo, I. Torres-Barea, J.A. Córdoba-Doña, D. Cruzado-Begines, L. García-Doncel, et al. Glycemic Patterns in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Is Useful Continous Glucose Monitoring at Diagnosis? Diabetes Techno Therap, vol 18, pp 271-277, July 2020.
Published
2021-07-31
How to Cite
Mihai, D., Bernea, G., Balcangiu-Stroescu, A., Timofte, D., Dragoș, D., Tănăsescu, M., Văcăroiu, I., Tulin, A., Știru, O., Oprescu Macovei, A., & Ionescu, D. (2021). SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS AND GLUCOSE MONITORING OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES – A BRIEF UPDATE. Romanian Journal of Clinical Research, 4(1). Retrieved from https://rjcronline.com/index.php/rjcr/article/view/71
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Articles
