NEW TIPS DIAGNOSING AND MANAGING ENDOMETRIAL POLYPS
Keywords:
endometrial polyps, infertility, hysteroscopic removal, adjuvant therapies
Abstract
Endometrial polyps (EP) are common lesions that rarely turn malignant. Associated with abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility, the mechanisms of how it affects conception are not yet fully discovered and understood. Diagnosis is now made easy using different imaging techniques. With great sensitivity, we are able to identify and treat polyps using hysteroscopy. Because there is not yet a generally accepted guide of how to treat EP in women looking to conceive, we reviewed recent literature to see if we are closer to finding the best management of infertility cases with endometrial polyps. Recent studies suggest a correlation between removal and high pregnancy rates in natural conception and intrauterine insemination. Still, we do have conflicting results regarding managing endometrial polyps in assisted reproductive techniques.
References
[1] J. Lőrincz, S. Molnár, A. Jakab, T. Herman, S. Jashanjeet, P. Török, "The effect of localization and histological verification of endometrial polyps on infertility" Arch Gynecol Obstet,vol. ED 300, pp. 217-221, Jul. 2019. doi: 10.1007/s00404-019-05155-3. Epub 2019 Apr 11. PMID: 30976969; PMCID: PMC6560005.
[2] NP. Nijkang, L. Anderson, R. Markham, F. Manconi, "Endometrial polyps: Pathogenesis, sequelae and treatment" SAGE Open Med. May 2019. doi: 10.1177/2050312119848247. PMID: 31105939; PMCID: PMC6501471.
[3] G. Silló-Seidl, "The analysis of the endometrium of 1,000 sterile women" Hormones, vol. 2, pp.70-75, 1971; doi:10.1159/000178225
[4] M. Lieng, O. Istre, L. Sandvik, E. Qvigstad, "Prevalence, 1-year regression rate, and clinical significance of asymptomatic endometrial polyps: cross-sectional study" J Minim Invasive Gynecol. vol. 16(4) pp. 465-471, 2009. doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2009.04.005
[5] R.T. Elias, N. Pereira, F.S. Karipcin, Z. Rosenwaks, S.D. Spandorfer, "Impact of newly diagnosed endometrial polyps during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation on in vitro fertilization outcomes" J Minim Invasive Gynecol. vol. 22(4) pp. 590-4, May-Jun. 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.12.170. Epub 2015 Jan 8. PMID: 25580003.
[6] H. Hassa, B. Tekin, T. Senses, M. Kaya, A. Karatas, "Are the site, diameter, and number of endometrial polyps related with symptomatology?" Am J Obstet Gynecol. vol. 194(3) pp. 718-721, Mar 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.08.060. PMID: 16522403.
[7] H.M. Fatemi, J.C. Kasius, A. Timmermans, J. van Disseldorp, B.C. Fauser, P. Devroey, F.J. Broekmans, "Prevalence of unsuspected uterine cavity abnormalities diagnosed by office hysteroscopy prior to in vitro fertilization" Hum Reprod. vol. 25(8), pp. 1959-1965. Aug. 2010. doi:
[8] BW. Rackow, E. Jorgensen, H.S. Taylor, "Endometrial polyps affect uterine receptivity" Fertil Steril. vol. 30;95(8) pp. 2690-2692, Jun. 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.034. Epub 2011 Jan 26. PMID: 21269620; PMCID: PMC3096716.
[9] U. Indraccolo, R. Di Iorio, M. Matteo, G. Corona, P. Greco, S.R. Indraccolo, "The pathogenesis of endometrial polyps: a systematic semi-quantitative review" Eu. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. vol. 34(1) pp. 5-22, 2013.
[10] K. Mittal, L. Schwartz, S. Goswami, R. Demopoulos, "Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in endometrial polyps" Int J Gynecol Pathol. vol.15(4) pp.345-348. Oct. 1996. doi: 10.1097/00004347-199610000-00007. PMID: 8886882.
[11] C. Exacoustos, E. Zupi, B. Cangi, M. Chiaretti, D. Arduini, C. Romanini, "Endometrial evaluation in postmenopausal breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen: an ultrasound, color flow Doppler, hysteroscopic and histological study" Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. vol. 6, pp. 435-442 Dec.1995. doi:
[12] American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. AAGL practice report: practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of endometrial polyps. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. vol.19, pp. 3-10, Jan-Feb. 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2011.09.003. PMID: 22196255.
[13] R. Onalan, G. Onalan, E. Tonguc, T. Ozdener, M. Dogan, L. Mollamahmutoglu, "Body mass index is an independent risk factor for the development of endometrial polyps in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization" Fertil Steril. vol.91(4) pp. 1056-1060. Apr. 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.002. Epub 2008
[14] A.K. Elfayomy, BS. Soliman, "Risk Factors Associated with the Malignant Changes of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Endometrial Polyps in Premenopausal Women" J Obstet Gynaecol India, vol. 65(3) pp. 186-192. May 2015. doi: 10.1007/s13224-014-0576-6. Epub 2014 Jun 1. PMID: 26085741; PMCID: PMC4464569
[15] E. Erdemoglu, M. Güney, N. Karahan, T. Mungan, "Expression of cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in premenopausal and postmenopausal endometrial polyps" Matur. vol. 20;59(3) pp. 268-274, Mar. 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.02.007. PMID: 18378414.
[16] T. Su, L. Sui, "Expression and significance of p63, aromatase P450 and steroidogenic factor-1 in endometrial polyp" Zhon Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. vol.49(8), pp. 604-608, Aug 2014. PMID: 25354862.
[17] P. Vercellini, I. Cortesi, S. Oldani, M. Moschetta, O. De Giorgi, P.G. Crosignani, "The role of transvaginal ultrasonography and outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy in the evaluation of patients with menorrhagia" Hum Reprod. vol.12(8), pp. 1768-1771, Aug. 1997. doi: 10.1093/humrep/12.8.1768. PMID: 9308809.
[18] A. Jakab, L. Ovári, B. Juhász, L. Birinyi, G. Bacskó, Z. Tóth, "Detection of feeding artery improves the ultrasound diagnosis of endometrial polyps in asymptomatic patients" Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. vol.119(1), pp. 103-107. 2005. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.06.044
[19] S. Seshadri, T. El-Toukhy, A. Douiri, K. Jayaprakasan, Y. Khalaf, "Diagnostic accuracy of saline infusion sonography in the evaluation of uterine cavity abnormalities prior to assisted reproductive techniques: a systematic review and meta-analyses" Hum Reprod Update. Vol. 21(2), pp. 262-274, Mar.-April 2015. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmu057. Epub 2014 Dec 10. PMID: 25505226
[20] N. Exalto, C. Stappers, L.A. van Raamsdonk, M.H. Emanuel, "Gel instillation sonohysterography: first experience with a new technique" Fertil Steril. vol.87(1), pp. 152-155, Jan. 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.05.075. Epub 2006 Nov 13. PMID: 17097650.
[21] M. Lieng, O. Istre, E. Qvigstad, "Treatment of endometrial polyps: a systematic review" Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. vol.89(8), pp. 992-1002. Aug. 2010. doi: 10.3109/00016349.2010.493196. PMID: 20528202.
[22] F.J. Gardner, J.C. Konje, S.C. Bell et al, "Prevention of tamoxifen induced endometrial polyps using a levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system long-term follow-up of a randomised control trial" Gynecol Oncol. vol.114(3), pp. 452-456, 2009. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.06.014
[23] O. Triolo, A. De Vivo, V. Benedetto, S. Falcone, F. Antico, "Gestrinone versus danazol as preoperative treatment for hysteroscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized evaluation" Fertil Steril. vol. 85(4), pp. 1027-1031, Apr. 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.09.034. PMID: 16580390
[24] M. Arnes, B. Hvingel, A. Orbo, "Levonorgestrel-impregnated Intrauterine device reduces occurrence of hyperplastic polyps: a population-based follow-up cohort study" Anticancer Res. vol.34(5), pp. 2319-2324, 2014.
[25] M. M. van Dijk, N. van Hanegem, M. E. de Lange, A. Timmermans, "Treatment of Women With an Endometrial Polyp and Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: A Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Device or Hysteroscopic Polypectomy?" J Minim Inv Gynecol, vol. 22, ED-7, 2015.
[26] S.L. Wethington, T.J. Herzog, W.M. Burke et al. "Risk and predictors of malignancy in women with endometrial polyps" Ann Surg Oncol. vol.18, ED-13, pp. 3819-3823, 2011. doi:10.1245/s10434-011-1815-z
[27] X. Peng, T. Li, E. Xia, C. Xia, Y. Liu, D. Yu, "A comparison of oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression in endometrial polyps and endometrium of premenopausal women" J Obstet Gynaecol. vol. 29, ED-4, pp. 340-346, 2009. doi:10.1080/01443610902878775
[28] F Gu, H. Zhang, S. Ruan et al, "High number of endometrial polyps is a strong predictor of recurrence: findings of a prospective cohort study in reproductive-age women" Fertil Steril. vol.109, ED-3, pp. 493-500, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.11.029
[29] F. Li, S. Wei, S. Yang, Z. Liu, F. Nan. "Post hysteroscopic progesterone hormone therapy in the treatment of endometrial polyps" Pak J Med Sci. vol.34, ED-5, pp. 1267-1271, Sep-Oct. 2018. doi: 10.12669/pjms.345.15330. PMID: 30344589; PMCID: PMC6191810.
[30] O. Wada- Hiraike, Y. Osuga, H. Hiroi, A. Fujimoto, M. Maruyama,T. Yano et al, "Sessile polyps and pedunculated polyps respond differently to oral contraceptives" Gynecol Endocrinol. vol.27, ED-5, pp. 351-355, 2011.
[31] VM Goncharenko, V.A. Beniuk, O.V. Kalenska, O.M. Demchenko, M.Y. Spivak, R.V. Bubnov, "Predictive diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia and personalized therapeutic strategy in women of fertile age" EPMA J. vol 6, ED-4, pp.24, Dec. 2013. doi: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-24. PMID: 24314145; PMCID: PMC3866390.
[32] S. Salim, H. Won, E. Nesbitt-Hawes, N. Campbell, J. Abbott, "Diagnosis and management of endometrial polyps: a critical review of the literature" J Minim Invasive Gynecol. vol.18, ED-5, pp. 569-581, Sep-Oct. 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2011.05.018. Epub 2011 Jul 23. PMID: 21783430.
[33] A. Yanaihara, T. Yorimitsu, H. Motoyama, S. Iwasaki, T. Kawamura, "Location of endometrial polyp and pregnancy rate in infertility patients" Fertil Steril. vol.90, ED-1, pp. 180-182, Jul. 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.072. Epub 2007 Sep 24. PMID: 17889854.
[34] SS Richlin, S. Ramachandran, A. Shanti, A.A. Murphy, S. Parthasarathy, "Glycodelin levels in uterine flushings and in plasma of patients with leiomyomas and polyps: implications for implantation" Hum Reprod. vol.17, ED-10, pp. 2742-2747. Oct. 2002. doi: 10.1093/humrep/17.10.2742. PMID: 12351556
[35] BW. Rackow, E. Jorgensen, H.S. Taylor, Endometrial polyps affect uterine receptivity. Fertil Steril. vol.30, ED-95, pp. 2690-2692, Jun. 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.034. Epub 2011 Jan 26. PMID: 21269620; PMCID: PMC3096716
[36] J. Bosteels, J. Kasius, S. Weyers, F.J. Broekmans, B.W. Mol, T.M. D'Hooghe, "Hysteroscopy for treating subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities" Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 21 Feb. 2018. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009461.pub3. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Dec 05;12:CD009461. PMID: 25701429
[37] N. N. Varasteh, R. S. Neuwirth, B. Levin, M. D. Keltz, "Pregnancy rates after hysteroscopic polypectomy and myomectomy in infertile women" Obstet Gynecol. vol.94, ED-2, pp.168–171, 1999. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00278-1.
[38] T.A. Shokeir, H.M. Shalan, M.M. El-Shafei, "Significance of endometrial polyps detected hysteroscopically in eumenorrheic infertile women" J Obstet Gynaecol Res. vol.30, ED-2, pp.84-89, Apr. 2004. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2003.00163.x. PMID: 15009608.
[39] B. Spiewankiewicz, J. Stelmachów, W. Sawicki, K. Cendrowski, P. Wypych, K. Swiderska, "The effectiveness of hysteroscopic polypectomy in cases of female infertility" Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. vol.30, ED-1, pp. 23-25, 2003. PMID: 12731738
[40] T. Pérez-Medina, J. Bajo-Arenas, F. Salazar et al, "Endometrial polyps and their implication in the pregnancy rates of patients undergoing intrauterine insemination: A prospective, randomized study" Hum Reprod. vol.20, pp. 1632–1635, 2005.
[41] A. Shohayeb, A. Shaltout, "Persistent endometrial polyps may affect the pregnancy rate in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination. Middle East" Fertil Soc J. vol.16, pp. 259– 264, 2011.
[42] T. Kalampokas, D. Tzanakaki, S. Konidaris, C. Iavazzo, E. Kalampokas, O. Gregoriou, "Endometrial polyps and their relationship in the pregnancy rates of patients undergoing intrauterine insemination" Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol.vol.39, pp. 299–302, 2012.
[43] A. Shohayeb, A. Shaltout, "Persistent endometrial polyps may affect the pregnancy rate in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination" ME Fertil Societ J, vol. 16, ED-4, pp. 259-264, 2011. ISSN 1110-5690,
[44] A. Lass, G. Williams, N. Abusheikha, P. Brinsden, "The effect of endometrial polyps on outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles" J Assist Reprod Genet. vol.16, pp. 410–415, 1999.
[45] F. Ghaffari, A. Arabipoor, N. Bagheri Lankarani, F. Hosseini, A.Bahmanabadi, "Hysteroscopic polypectomy without cycle cancellation in IVF/ICSI cycles: a cross-sectional study" Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. vol.205, pp. 37–42, 2016.
[46] B. Tiras, U. Korucuoglu, M. Polat, H.B. Zeyneloglu, A. Saltik, H. Yarali, "Management of endometrial polyps diagnosed before or during ICSI cycles" Reprod Biomed Online., vol.24, pp.123–128, 2012.
[47] J.H. Yang, P.K. Yang, M.J. Chen, S.U. Chen, Y.S. Yang, "Management of endometrial polyps incidentally diagnosed during IVF: a case-control study" Reprod Biomed Online. vol. 34, pp. 285–290, 2017.
[48] BC. Jee, H.G. Jeong, "Management of endometrial polyps in infertile women: A mini-review" Clin Exp Reprod Med., vol.8, ED-3, pp.198-202, 2021. doi:10.5653/cerm.2020.04119
[49] A. Okamura, E. Yano, W. Isono et al, "Predictive factors of spontaneously regressed uterine endometrial polyps during the waiting period before hysteroscopic polypectomy" J Med Case Rep. vol.15, pp. 384 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-021-02982-4
[2] NP. Nijkang, L. Anderson, R. Markham, F. Manconi, "Endometrial polyps: Pathogenesis, sequelae and treatment" SAGE Open Med. May 2019. doi: 10.1177/2050312119848247. PMID: 31105939; PMCID: PMC6501471.
[3] G. Silló-Seidl, "The analysis of the endometrium of 1,000 sterile women" Hormones, vol. 2, pp.70-75, 1971; doi:10.1159/000178225
[4] M. Lieng, O. Istre, L. Sandvik, E. Qvigstad, "Prevalence, 1-year regression rate, and clinical significance of asymptomatic endometrial polyps: cross-sectional study" J Minim Invasive Gynecol. vol. 16(4) pp. 465-471, 2009. doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2009.04.005
[5] R.T. Elias, N. Pereira, F.S. Karipcin, Z. Rosenwaks, S.D. Spandorfer, "Impact of newly diagnosed endometrial polyps during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation on in vitro fertilization outcomes" J Minim Invasive Gynecol. vol. 22(4) pp. 590-4, May-Jun. 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.12.170. Epub 2015 Jan 8. PMID: 25580003.
[6] H. Hassa, B. Tekin, T. Senses, M. Kaya, A. Karatas, "Are the site, diameter, and number of endometrial polyps related with symptomatology?" Am J Obstet Gynecol. vol. 194(3) pp. 718-721, Mar 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.08.060. PMID: 16522403.
[7] H.M. Fatemi, J.C. Kasius, A. Timmermans, J. van Disseldorp, B.C. Fauser, P. Devroey, F.J. Broekmans, "Prevalence of unsuspected uterine cavity abnormalities diagnosed by office hysteroscopy prior to in vitro fertilization" Hum Reprod. vol. 25(8), pp. 1959-1965. Aug. 2010. doi:
[8] BW. Rackow, E. Jorgensen, H.S. Taylor, "Endometrial polyps affect uterine receptivity" Fertil Steril. vol. 30;95(8) pp. 2690-2692, Jun. 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.034. Epub 2011 Jan 26. PMID: 21269620; PMCID: PMC3096716.
[9] U. Indraccolo, R. Di Iorio, M. Matteo, G. Corona, P. Greco, S.R. Indraccolo, "The pathogenesis of endometrial polyps: a systematic semi-quantitative review" Eu. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. vol. 34(1) pp. 5-22, 2013.
[10] K. Mittal, L. Schwartz, S. Goswami, R. Demopoulos, "Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in endometrial polyps" Int J Gynecol Pathol. vol.15(4) pp.345-348. Oct. 1996. doi: 10.1097/00004347-199610000-00007. PMID: 8886882.
[11] C. Exacoustos, E. Zupi, B. Cangi, M. Chiaretti, D. Arduini, C. Romanini, "Endometrial evaluation in postmenopausal breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen: an ultrasound, color flow Doppler, hysteroscopic and histological study" Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. vol. 6, pp. 435-442 Dec.1995. doi:
[12] American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. AAGL practice report: practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of endometrial polyps. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. vol.19, pp. 3-10, Jan-Feb. 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2011.09.003. PMID: 22196255.
[13] R. Onalan, G. Onalan, E. Tonguc, T. Ozdener, M. Dogan, L. Mollamahmutoglu, "Body mass index is an independent risk factor for the development of endometrial polyps in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization" Fertil Steril. vol.91(4) pp. 1056-1060. Apr. 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.002. Epub 2008
[14] A.K. Elfayomy, BS. Soliman, "Risk Factors Associated with the Malignant Changes of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Endometrial Polyps in Premenopausal Women" J Obstet Gynaecol India, vol. 65(3) pp. 186-192. May 2015. doi: 10.1007/s13224-014-0576-6. Epub 2014 Jun 1. PMID: 26085741; PMCID: PMC4464569
[15] E. Erdemoglu, M. Güney, N. Karahan, T. Mungan, "Expression of cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in premenopausal and postmenopausal endometrial polyps" Matur. vol. 20;59(3) pp. 268-274, Mar. 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.02.007. PMID: 18378414.
[16] T. Su, L. Sui, "Expression and significance of p63, aromatase P450 and steroidogenic factor-1 in endometrial polyp" Zhon Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. vol.49(8), pp. 604-608, Aug 2014. PMID: 25354862.
[17] P. Vercellini, I. Cortesi, S. Oldani, M. Moschetta, O. De Giorgi, P.G. Crosignani, "The role of transvaginal ultrasonography and outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy in the evaluation of patients with menorrhagia" Hum Reprod. vol.12(8), pp. 1768-1771, Aug. 1997. doi: 10.1093/humrep/12.8.1768. PMID: 9308809.
[18] A. Jakab, L. Ovári, B. Juhász, L. Birinyi, G. Bacskó, Z. Tóth, "Detection of feeding artery improves the ultrasound diagnosis of endometrial polyps in asymptomatic patients" Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. vol.119(1), pp. 103-107. 2005. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.06.044
[19] S. Seshadri, T. El-Toukhy, A. Douiri, K. Jayaprakasan, Y. Khalaf, "Diagnostic accuracy of saline infusion sonography in the evaluation of uterine cavity abnormalities prior to assisted reproductive techniques: a systematic review and meta-analyses" Hum Reprod Update. Vol. 21(2), pp. 262-274, Mar.-April 2015. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmu057. Epub 2014 Dec 10. PMID: 25505226
[20] N. Exalto, C. Stappers, L.A. van Raamsdonk, M.H. Emanuel, "Gel instillation sonohysterography: first experience with a new technique" Fertil Steril. vol.87(1), pp. 152-155, Jan. 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.05.075. Epub 2006 Nov 13. PMID: 17097650.
[21] M. Lieng, O. Istre, E. Qvigstad, "Treatment of endometrial polyps: a systematic review" Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. vol.89(8), pp. 992-1002. Aug. 2010. doi: 10.3109/00016349.2010.493196. PMID: 20528202.
[22] F.J. Gardner, J.C. Konje, S.C. Bell et al, "Prevention of tamoxifen induced endometrial polyps using a levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system long-term follow-up of a randomised control trial" Gynecol Oncol. vol.114(3), pp. 452-456, 2009. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.06.014
[23] O. Triolo, A. De Vivo, V. Benedetto, S. Falcone, F. Antico, "Gestrinone versus danazol as preoperative treatment for hysteroscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized evaluation" Fertil Steril. vol. 85(4), pp. 1027-1031, Apr. 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.09.034. PMID: 16580390
[24] M. Arnes, B. Hvingel, A. Orbo, "Levonorgestrel-impregnated Intrauterine device reduces occurrence of hyperplastic polyps: a population-based follow-up cohort study" Anticancer Res. vol.34(5), pp. 2319-2324, 2014.
[25] M. M. van Dijk, N. van Hanegem, M. E. de Lange, A. Timmermans, "Treatment of Women With an Endometrial Polyp and Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: A Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Device or Hysteroscopic Polypectomy?" J Minim Inv Gynecol, vol. 22, ED-7, 2015.
[26] S.L. Wethington, T.J. Herzog, W.M. Burke et al. "Risk and predictors of malignancy in women with endometrial polyps" Ann Surg Oncol. vol.18, ED-13, pp. 3819-3823, 2011. doi:10.1245/s10434-011-1815-z
[27] X. Peng, T. Li, E. Xia, C. Xia, Y. Liu, D. Yu, "A comparison of oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression in endometrial polyps and endometrium of premenopausal women" J Obstet Gynaecol. vol. 29, ED-4, pp. 340-346, 2009. doi:10.1080/01443610902878775
[28] F Gu, H. Zhang, S. Ruan et al, "High number of endometrial polyps is a strong predictor of recurrence: findings of a prospective cohort study in reproductive-age women" Fertil Steril. vol.109, ED-3, pp. 493-500, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.11.029
[29] F. Li, S. Wei, S. Yang, Z. Liu, F. Nan. "Post hysteroscopic progesterone hormone therapy in the treatment of endometrial polyps" Pak J Med Sci. vol.34, ED-5, pp. 1267-1271, Sep-Oct. 2018. doi: 10.12669/pjms.345.15330. PMID: 30344589; PMCID: PMC6191810.
[30] O. Wada- Hiraike, Y. Osuga, H. Hiroi, A. Fujimoto, M. Maruyama,T. Yano et al, "Sessile polyps and pedunculated polyps respond differently to oral contraceptives" Gynecol Endocrinol. vol.27, ED-5, pp. 351-355, 2011.
[31] VM Goncharenko, V.A. Beniuk, O.V. Kalenska, O.M. Demchenko, M.Y. Spivak, R.V. Bubnov, "Predictive diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia and personalized therapeutic strategy in women of fertile age" EPMA J. vol 6, ED-4, pp.24, Dec. 2013. doi: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-24. PMID: 24314145; PMCID: PMC3866390.
[32] S. Salim, H. Won, E. Nesbitt-Hawes, N. Campbell, J. Abbott, "Diagnosis and management of endometrial polyps: a critical review of the literature" J Minim Invasive Gynecol. vol.18, ED-5, pp. 569-581, Sep-Oct. 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2011.05.018. Epub 2011 Jul 23. PMID: 21783430.
[33] A. Yanaihara, T. Yorimitsu, H. Motoyama, S. Iwasaki, T. Kawamura, "Location of endometrial polyp and pregnancy rate in infertility patients" Fertil Steril. vol.90, ED-1, pp. 180-182, Jul. 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.072. Epub 2007 Sep 24. PMID: 17889854.
[34] SS Richlin, S. Ramachandran, A. Shanti, A.A. Murphy, S. Parthasarathy, "Glycodelin levels in uterine flushings and in plasma of patients with leiomyomas and polyps: implications for implantation" Hum Reprod. vol.17, ED-10, pp. 2742-2747. Oct. 2002. doi: 10.1093/humrep/17.10.2742. PMID: 12351556
[35] BW. Rackow, E. Jorgensen, H.S. Taylor, Endometrial polyps affect uterine receptivity. Fertil Steril. vol.30, ED-95, pp. 2690-2692, Jun. 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.034. Epub 2011 Jan 26. PMID: 21269620; PMCID: PMC3096716
[36] J. Bosteels, J. Kasius, S. Weyers, F.J. Broekmans, B.W. Mol, T.M. D'Hooghe, "Hysteroscopy for treating subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities" Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 21 Feb. 2018. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009461.pub3. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Dec 05;12:CD009461. PMID: 25701429
[37] N. N. Varasteh, R. S. Neuwirth, B. Levin, M. D. Keltz, "Pregnancy rates after hysteroscopic polypectomy and myomectomy in infertile women" Obstet Gynecol. vol.94, ED-2, pp.168–171, 1999. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00278-1.
[38] T.A. Shokeir, H.M. Shalan, M.M. El-Shafei, "Significance of endometrial polyps detected hysteroscopically in eumenorrheic infertile women" J Obstet Gynaecol Res. vol.30, ED-2, pp.84-89, Apr. 2004. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2003.00163.x. PMID: 15009608.
[39] B. Spiewankiewicz, J. Stelmachów, W. Sawicki, K. Cendrowski, P. Wypych, K. Swiderska, "The effectiveness of hysteroscopic polypectomy in cases of female infertility" Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. vol.30, ED-1, pp. 23-25, 2003. PMID: 12731738
[40] T. Pérez-Medina, J. Bajo-Arenas, F. Salazar et al, "Endometrial polyps and their implication in the pregnancy rates of patients undergoing intrauterine insemination: A prospective, randomized study" Hum Reprod. vol.20, pp. 1632–1635, 2005.
[41] A. Shohayeb, A. Shaltout, "Persistent endometrial polyps may affect the pregnancy rate in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination. Middle East" Fertil Soc J. vol.16, pp. 259– 264, 2011.
[42] T. Kalampokas, D. Tzanakaki, S. Konidaris, C. Iavazzo, E. Kalampokas, O. Gregoriou, "Endometrial polyps and their relationship in the pregnancy rates of patients undergoing intrauterine insemination" Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol.vol.39, pp. 299–302, 2012.
[43] A. Shohayeb, A. Shaltout, "Persistent endometrial polyps may affect the pregnancy rate in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination" ME Fertil Societ J, vol. 16, ED-4, pp. 259-264, 2011. ISSN 1110-5690,
[44] A. Lass, G. Williams, N. Abusheikha, P. Brinsden, "The effect of endometrial polyps on outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles" J Assist Reprod Genet. vol.16, pp. 410–415, 1999.
[45] F. Ghaffari, A. Arabipoor, N. Bagheri Lankarani, F. Hosseini, A.Bahmanabadi, "Hysteroscopic polypectomy without cycle cancellation in IVF/ICSI cycles: a cross-sectional study" Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. vol.205, pp. 37–42, 2016.
[46] B. Tiras, U. Korucuoglu, M. Polat, H.B. Zeyneloglu, A. Saltik, H. Yarali, "Management of endometrial polyps diagnosed before or during ICSI cycles" Reprod Biomed Online., vol.24, pp.123–128, 2012.
[47] J.H. Yang, P.K. Yang, M.J. Chen, S.U. Chen, Y.S. Yang, "Management of endometrial polyps incidentally diagnosed during IVF: a case-control study" Reprod Biomed Online. vol. 34, pp. 285–290, 2017.
[48] BC. Jee, H.G. Jeong, "Management of endometrial polyps in infertile women: A mini-review" Clin Exp Reprod Med., vol.8, ED-3, pp.198-202, 2021. doi:10.5653/cerm.2020.04119
[49] A. Okamura, E. Yano, W. Isono et al, "Predictive factors of spontaneously regressed uterine endometrial polyps during the waiting period before hysteroscopic polypectomy" J Med Case Rep. vol.15, pp. 384 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-021-02982-4
Published
2022-01-06
How to Cite
Calo, I., Borislavschi, A., Mehedintu, C., Frincu, F., Sandru, F., Petca, R., Dumitrascu, M., & Petca, A. (2022). NEW TIPS DIAGNOSING AND MANAGING ENDOMETRIAL POLYPS. Romanian Journal of Clinical Research, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.33695/rjcr.v5i1.74
Section
Articles
