ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS FOR GASTRIC CANCER - A TARGETED REVIEW

Raluca Ioana Dascălu; Florentina Mușat; Răzvan Stoian; Dan Nicolae Păduraru; Alexandra Bolocan; Octavian Andronic

doi:10.33695/rjcr.v5i1.84

Raluca Ioana Dascălu „Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Florentina Mușat University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania & “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Răzvan Stoian Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania & University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest
Dan Nicolae Păduraru Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania & University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest
Alexandra Bolocan Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania & University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest
Octavian Andronic Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania & University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33695/rjcr.v5i1.84

Keywords: gastric cancer, risk factors, H. pylori infection, genetic factors, hereditary, diet, environmental factors

Abstract

Adenocarcinomas represent approximately 95% of stomach cancers. Although its incidence has been steadily declining for the past decades, gastric cancer remains one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer death. About 1/12 cancer deaths is attributed to this disease, and more than one million new cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. Among the most relevant risk factors should be mentioned H. Pylori infection, chronic gastritis, achlorhydria, gastric adenomatous polyps or pernicious anemia. Besides, gastric cancer is most common in older men and there is a marked regional variability, thought to be attributable to genetics or environmental factors, especially diet. In Europe, the average 5-year survival rate is 26%, probably due to the unavailability of a screening program, as the number of cases is considered insufficient. In contrast, in Japan and Korea, where the large number of new cases imposed a screening program on each person at the age of 50, the 5-year survival rate is considerably higher.

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