HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY- KEY FOR IMPROVING LIFE'S QUALITY
Keywords:
hormone replacement therapy, menopause, postmenopausal symptoms
Abstract
Menopause is the most important transition period in a woman's life, and its symptoms significantly affect the quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy (HTR) is the most effective treatment of postmenopausal symptoms and also for women with primary ovarian failure or bilateral oophorectomy. This treatment has specific indications and contraindications, respectively. Also, particular investigations are required before initiating therapeutic measures. Many variables must be factored in the decision to choose the appropriate management.
References
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[33] E. Høibraaten, M. Abdelnoor, P.M. Sandset, "Hormone Replacement Therapy with Estradiol and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism A Population-based Case-control Study" Thromb. Haemost., vol. 82, pp.1218–1221, 1999.
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[38] M.E. Jones, M.J. Schoemaker, L. Wright, E. McFadden, J. Griffin, D. Thomas, J. Hemming, K. Wright, A. Ashworth, A.J. Swerdlow, "Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: what is the true size of the increased risk?" Br. J. Cancer, vol. 115(5), pp. 607-615, Jul. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2016.231
[39] S. Furness, H. Roberts, J. Marjoribanks, A. Lethaby, (2012) "Hormone therapy in postmenopausal women and risk of endometrial hyperplasia" in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 8, Art. No.:CD000402, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000402.pub4
[40] S.O. Skouby, F. Al-Azzawi, D. Barlow, J. Calaf-Alsina Erdogan Ertüngealp, A. Gompel, A. Graziottin, D. Hudita, A. Pines, S, Rozenberg, G. Samsioe, J.C. Stevenson, "Climacteric medicine: European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) 2004/2005 position statements on peri- and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy" Maturitas, vol. 51(1), pp. 8-14, May 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.02.019
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[44] N.F. Col, G. Weber, A. Stiggelbout, J. Chuo, R. D'Agostino, P. Corso, "Short-term Menopausal Hormone Therapy for Symptom Relief" Arch. Intern. Med., vol. 164(15), pp. 1634-1640, Aug. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.15.1634
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[46] P.J. Schmidt, R. ben Dor, P.E. Martinez, G.M. Guerrieri, V.L. Harsh, K. Thompson, D.E. Koziol, L.K. Nieman, D.R. Rubinow, "Effects of Estradiol Withdrawal on Mood in Women With Past Perimenopausal Depression" JAMA Psychiatry, vol. 72(7), pp.714-726, Jul. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0111
[47] B. Imtiaz, M. Tuppurainen, T. Rikkonen, M. Kivipelto, H. Soininen, H. Kröger, A.M. Tolppanen, "Postmenopausal hormone therapy and Alzheimer disease" Neurology, vol. 88(11), pp. 1062-1068, Mar. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003696
[2] E.B. Gold, "The Timing of the Age at which Natural Menopause Occurs" Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am. vol. 38, pp. 425–440, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.002.
[3] M.E.Ossewaarde, M.L. Bots, A.L.M. Verbeek, P.H.M. Peeters, Y. van der Graaf, D.E. Grobbee, Y.T. van der Schouw, "Age at menopause, cause-specific mortality and total life expectancy" J Epidemiol, vol. 16, pp. 556-562, 2005. doi: 10.1097/01.ede.0000165392.35273.d4
[4] J.R. Taffe, L. Dennerstein, "Menstrual patterns leading to the final menstrual period" Menopause, vol. 9(1), pp. 32, 2002.
[5] H.G. Burger, "Unpredictable endocrinology of the menopause transition: clinical, diagnostic and management implications" Menopause Int, vol. 17, pp. 143, 2011.
[6] M.A. Limouzin-Lamothe, N. Mairon, C.R. Joyce, M. Le Gal, "Quality of life after the menopause: influence of hormonal replacement therapy" Am J Obstet Gynecol, vol. 170, pp. 616-24, 1994.
[7] E. Daly, A. Gray, D. Barlow, K. McPherson, M. Roche, M. Vessey, "Measuring the impact of menopausal symptoms on quality of life" BMJ, vol. 307, pp. 836-40, 1993.
[8] A.F. Haney, R.A. Wild, "Options for hormone therapy in women who have had a hysterectomy " Menopause, vol. 14(3), 2007. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31804154d5
[9] L.A. Brinton, A.S. Felix, "Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of endometrial cancer." J. Steroid Biochem. Mol, vol. 142, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.001
[10] G. Harper-Harrison, M.M. Shanahan, "Hormone Replacement Therapy" [Updated 2021 Jun 3] in StatPearls [Internet], Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, Jan. 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493191/
[11] N. Banks, "Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy" Medscape, 1–16, 2019.
[12] C.A. Stuenkel, S.R. Davis, A. Gompel, M.A. Lumsden, M.H. Murad, J. Pinkerton, R.J. Santen, "Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline" J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol., 100(11), 2015. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2236
[13] S. Rafique, E.W. Sterling, L.M. Nelson, "A New Approach to Primary Ovarian Insufficiency" Obstet. Gynecol, vol. 39(4), 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2012.09.007
[14] K.A. Steingold, L. Laufer, R.J. Chetkowski, J.D. Defazio, D.W. Matt, D.R. Meldrum, H.L. Judd, "Treatment of Hot Flashes with Transdermal Estradiol Administration" J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., vol. 61(4), 1985. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-61-4-627
[15] V.L. Baker, "Alternatives to oral estrogen replacement: Transdermal patches, percutaneous gels, vaginal creams and rings, implants, and other methods of delivery" Obstet. Gynecol., vol. 21(2), pp. 271–297, 1994.
[16] A. MacLennan, S. Lester, V. Moore, "Oral oestrogen replacement therapy versus placebo for hot flushes" In Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2001. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002978
[17] H.D. Nelson, "Commonly Used Types of Postmenopausal Estrogen for Treatment of Hot Flashes" JAMA, vol. 291(13), 2004. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.13.1610
[18] K. Martin, R. Barbieri, "Preparations for menopausal hormone therapy" UpToDate, 2021.
[19] C.K. Welt, "Management of spontaneous primary ovarian insufficiency (premature ovarian failure)" https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-spontaneous-primary-ovarian-insufficiency-premature-ovarian-failure/print?search=insuficie…1/17OfficialreprintfromUpToDatewww.uptodate.com
[20] V. Beral, D. Bull, G. Reeves, Million Women Study Collaborators, "Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study" Lancet, vol. 365(9470), pp. 1543-51, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66455-0
[21] J.D. Woodruff, J.H. Pickar, "Incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women taking conjugated estrogens (Premarin) with medroxyprogesterone acetate or conjugated estrogens alone" AJOG, 170(5), 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(94)70129-6
[22] S.R. Johnson, B. Ettinger, J.L. Macer, K.E. Ensrud, J. Quan, D. Grady, "Uterine and Vaginal Effects of Unopposed Ultralow-Dose Transdermal Estradiol" Obstet Gynecol, 105(4), pp.779-87, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000157116.23249.52
[23] K.A. Martin, R.S. Rosenson, "Menopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular risk" UpToDate, 2021.
[24] G. Formoso, E. Perrone, S. Maltoni et al, "Short-term and long-term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women" Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 10:CD008536, 2016.
[25] E.W. Freeman, M.D. Sammel, R.J. Sanders, "Risk of long-term hot flashes after natural menopause" Menopause, vol. 21(9), pp.924-932, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000196
[26] N.E. Avis, S.L. Crawford, G. Greendale, J.T. Bromberger, S.A. Everson-Rose, E.B. Gold, R. Hess, H. Joffe, H.M. Kravitz, P.G. Tepper, R.C. Thurston, "Duration of Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms Over the Menopause Transition" JAMA Internal Medicine, vol. 175(4), pp. 531-539, Feb. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063
[27] R.C. Thurston, K.A. Matthews, Y. Chang, N. Santoro, E. Barinas-Mitchell, R. von Känel, D.P. Landsittel, J.R. Jennings, "Changes in heart rate variability during vasomotor symptoms among midlife women" Menopause, vol. 23(5), pp. 499-505, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000586
[28] F. Abdi, H. Mobedi, N. Mosaffa, M. Dolatian, F. Ramezani Tehrani, "Hormone Therapy for Relieving Postmenopausal Vasomotor Symptoms: A Systematic Review" Arch. Iran. Med., vol. 19, pp. 141-146, 2016.
[29] J.A. Suckling, R. Kennedy, A. Lethaby, H. Roberts, "Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women" in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, J. A. Suckling (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001500.pub2
[30] R.J. Santen, D.C. Allred, S.P. Ardoin, D.F. Archer, N. Boyd, G.D. Braunstein, H.G. Burger, G.A. Colditz, S.R. Davis, M. Gambacciani, B.A. Gower, V.W. Henderson, V. W., Jarjour et al, "Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement" J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., vol. 95(7_supplement_1), pp. s1-s66, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-2509
[31] S. Cenci, G. Toraldo, M.N. Weitzmann, C. Roggia, Y. Gao, W.P. Qian, O. Sierra, R. Pacifici, "Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss by increasing T cell proliferation and lifespan through IFN- -induced class II transactivator" PNAS, vol. 100(18), pp. 10405-10410, Sept. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1533207100
[32] T.J. de Villiers, J.C. Stevenson, "The WHI: the effect of hormone replacement therapy on fracture prevention" Climacteric, vol. 15(3), pp. 263-266, Jan. 2012. https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2012.659975
[33] E. Høibraaten, M. Abdelnoor, P.M. Sandset, "Hormone Replacement Therapy with Estradiol and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism A Population-based Case-control Study" Thromb. Haemost., vol. 82, pp.1218–1221, 1999.
[34] J. Marjoribanks, C. Farquhar, H. Roberts, A. Lethaby, "Long term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women" in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 7, Art. No.: CD004143, Jul. 2012. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/14651858.CD004143.pub4.
[35] G.M. Sare, L.J. Gray, P.M.W. Bath, "Association between hormone replacement therapy and subsequent arterial and venous vascular events: a meta-analysis" Eur, vol. 29(16), pp. 2031-2041, Aug. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehn299
[36] S.R. Cummings, B. Ettinger, P.D. Delmas et al, "The effects of tibolone in older postmenopausal women" N Engl J Med, vol. 359, pp. 697, 2008.
[37] G.L. Anderson, R.T. Chlebowski, J.E. Rossouw, R.J. Rodabough, A. McTiernan, K.L. Margolis, A. Aggerwal, J.D. et al, "Prior hormone therapy and breast cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin" Maturitas, vol. 55(2), pp.103-115, Jul. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.05.004
[38] M.E. Jones, M.J. Schoemaker, L. Wright, E. McFadden, J. Griffin, D. Thomas, J. Hemming, K. Wright, A. Ashworth, A.J. Swerdlow, "Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: what is the true size of the increased risk?" Br. J. Cancer, vol. 115(5), pp. 607-615, Jul. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2016.231
[39] S. Furness, H. Roberts, J. Marjoribanks, A. Lethaby, (2012) "Hormone therapy in postmenopausal women and risk of endometrial hyperplasia" in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 8, Art. No.:CD000402, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000402.pub4
[40] S.O. Skouby, F. Al-Azzawi, D. Barlow, J. Calaf-Alsina Erdogan Ertüngealp, A. Gompel, A. Graziottin, D. Hudita, A. Pines, S, Rozenberg, G. Samsioe, J.C. Stevenson, "Climacteric medicine: European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) 2004/2005 position statements on peri- and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy" Maturitas, vol. 51(1), pp. 8-14, May 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.02.019
[41] C.M. Greiser, E.M. Greiser, M. Dören, "Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of ovarian cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis" Hum. Reprod., vol. 13(5), pp. 453-463, Oct. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmm012
[42] C.L. Pearce, K. Chung, M.C. Pike, A.H. Wu, "Increased ovarian cancer risk associated with menopausal estrogen therapy is reduced by adding a progestin" Cancer, vol. 115(3), pp. 531-539, Feb. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23956
[43] L.S. Morch, E. Lokkegaard, A.H. Andreasen, S.K. Kjaer, O. Lidegaard, "Hormone Therapy and Different Ovarian Cancers: A National Cohort Study" Am. J. Epidemiol., vol. 175(12), pp. 1234-1242, June 2012. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr446
[44] N.F. Col, G. Weber, A. Stiggelbout, J. Chuo, R. D'Agostino, P. Corso, "Short-term Menopausal Hormone Therapy for Symptom Relief" Arch. Intern. Med., vol. 164(15), pp. 1634-1640, Aug. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.15.1634
[45] J.H. Morrison, R.D. Brinton, P.J. Schmidt, A.C. Gore, "Estrogen, Menopause, and the Aging Brain: How Basic Neuroscience Can Inform Hormone Therapy in Women" J. Neurosci., vol. 26(41), pp. 10332-10348, Oct. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3369-06.2006
[46] P.J. Schmidt, R. ben Dor, P.E. Martinez, G.M. Guerrieri, V.L. Harsh, K. Thompson, D.E. Koziol, L.K. Nieman, D.R. Rubinow, "Effects of Estradiol Withdrawal on Mood in Women With Past Perimenopausal Depression" JAMA Psychiatry, vol. 72(7), pp.714-726, Jul. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0111
[47] B. Imtiaz, M. Tuppurainen, T. Rikkonen, M. Kivipelto, H. Soininen, H. Kröger, A.M. Tolppanen, "Postmenopausal hormone therapy and Alzheimer disease" Neurology, vol. 88(11), pp. 1062-1068, Mar. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003696
Published
2022-01-15
How to Cite
Bicer, M., Borislavschi, A., Petca, R., Mehedințu, C., Frîncu, F., Calo, I., Dumitrașcu, M., & Petca, A. (2022). HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY- KEY FOR IMPROVING LIFE’S QUALITY. Romanian Journal of Clinical Research, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.33695/rjcr.v5i1.85
Section
Articles
