THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFESTYLE, MEDICAL HISTORY AND THE PRESENCE OF DYSMENORRHEA
Keywords:
dysmenorrhea; students; menstruation; prevalence; risk factors
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among female medical students and to assess the factors that may be involved in its occurrence. We carried out a prospective, analytical and observational study. We used 59 questions organized in our original questionnaire and we collected information about menstrual cycles, lifestyle and medical history of the students. A p value less than 0.05 represents the limit of significance. An impressive large number of 1720 students answered to our questionnaire. We found out that 78.4% of participants have dysmenorrhea. Menstrual pain was statistically significant associated with regular coffee consumption (p = 0.003). The intensity of pain is not influenced by the use of internal tampons (p = 0.205) or by sexual contact during menstruation (p = 0.887). The age of the first menstruation did not correlate statistically significant with the intensity of pain (p = 0.845). Dysmenorrhea is a very common condition among medical students. There are a lot of risk factors related to lifestyle or medical history that contribute to its occurrence.
References
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[24] M. Kazama, K. Maruyama and K. Nakamura, "Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and Its Correlating Lifestyle Factors in Japanese Female Junior High School Students," Tohoku J Exp Med, vol. 236, no. 2, pp. 107-113, 2015.
[25] L.-L. Qin, Z. Hu, A. C. Kaminga, B.-A. Luo, H.-L. Xu, X.-L. Feng and J.-H. Liu, "Association between cigarette smoking and the risk of dysmenorrhea: A meta-analysis of observational studies," PLoS ONE, vol. 15, no. 4, 2020.
[26] R. Momma, Y. Nakata, A. Sawai, M. Takeda, H. Natsui, N. Mukai and K. Watanabe, "Comparisons of the Prevalence, Severity, and Risk Factors of Dysmenorrhea between Japanese Female Athletes and Non-Athletes in Universities," Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 19, no. 52, 2022.
[27] L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Wang, C. Chen, A. G. Ronnennberg, W. Guang, A. Huang, Z. Fang, T. Zang, L. Wang and X. Xu, "Stress and dysmenorrhoea: a population based prospective study," Occup Environ Med, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 1021-1026, 2004.
[28] A. M. Weissman, A. J. Hartz, M. D. Hansen and S. R. Johnson, "The natural history of primary dysmenorrhoea: a longitudinal study," BJOG, vol. 111, pp. 345-352, April 2004.
[29] H. A. A. Helwa, A. A. Mitaeb, S. Al-Hamshri and W. M. Sweileh, "Prevalence of dysmenorrhea and predictors of its pain intensity among Palestinian female university students," BMC Women's Health, vol. 18, no. 18, 2018.
[30] H. E. Mohamed and S. E. Mansour, " The Effect of Dysmenorrhea on Quality of Life of Technical Secondary Schools Girls," Med. J. Cairo Univ., vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 83-90, December 2013.
[31] S. Sahin, K. Ozdemirb, A. Unsalc and R. Arslanb, "Review of Frequency of Dysmenorrhea and Some Associated Factors and Evaluation of the Relationship between Dysmenorrhea and Sleep Quality in University Students," Gynecol Obstet Invest, vol. 78, pp. 179-185, 2014.
[32] T. S. Midilli, E. Yasar and E. Baysal, "Dysmenorrhea Characteristics of Female Students of Health School and Affecting Factors and Their Knowledge and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Methods," Holistic Nursing Practice, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 194-204, July-August 2015.
[33] A. W. Azagew, D. G. Kassie and T. A. Walle, "Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea, its intensity, impact and associated factors among female students’ at Gondar town preparatory school, Northwest Ethiopia," BMC Women's Health , vol. 20, no. 5, 2022.
[34] H. Durand, B. Katie Monahan and B. E. McGuire, "Prevalence and Impact of Dysmenorrhea Among University Students in Ireland," Pain Medicine, vol. 22, no. 12, p. 2835–2845, 2021.
[35] A. Ullah, K. Fayyaz, U. Javed, M. Usman, R. Malik, N. Arif and A. Kaleem, "Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and Determinants of Pain Intensity Among University-Age Women," Pain Medicine, vol. 22, no. 12, 2021.
[36] N. B. Duman, F. Yıldırım and G. Vural, "Risk factors for primary dysmenorrhea and the effect of complementary and alternative treatment methods: Sample from Corum, Turkey," International Journal of Health Sciences, vol. 16, no. 3, 2022.
[37] S. Hailemeskel, A. Demissie and N. assefa, "Primary dysmenorrhea magnitude, associated risk factors, and its effect on academic performance: evidence from female university students in Ethiopia," International Journal of Women’s Health, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 489-496, 2016.
[38] E. Fernández-Martínez, M. D. Onieva-Zafra and M. L. Parra-Fernández, "Lifestyle and prevalence of dysmenorrhea among Spanish female university students," PLoS ONE, vol. 13, no. 8, 2018.
[39] M. E. Sahin, E. Sahin, Y. Madendag, I. C. Madendag, AhterTanayTayyar, FatmaOzdemir, GokhanAcmaz and IptisamIpekMuderris, "The Effect of Anterior Uterocervical Angle on Primary Dysmenorrhea and Disease Severity," Pain Research and Management, 2018.
[40] C.-M. Juang, M.-S. Yen, N.-F. Twu, H.-C. Horng, H.-C. Yu and C.-Y. Chen, "Impact of pregnancy on primary dysmenorrhea," Int J Gynaecol Obstet, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 221-7, 2006.
[41] C.-M. Juang, M.-S. Yen, H.-C. Horng, C.-Y. Cheng, C.-C. Yuan and C.-M. Chang, "Natural progression of menstrual pain in nulliparous women at reproductive age: an observational study," J Chin Med Assoc, vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 484-8, 2006.
[42] L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Wang, C. Chen, A. G. Ronnennberg, W. Guang, A. Huang, Z. Fang, T. Zang, L. Wang and X. Xu, "Stress and dysmenorrhoea: a population based prospective study," Occup Environ Med, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 1021-6, 2004.
[2] B. L. Hoffman, J. O. Schorge, K. D. Bradshaw, L. M. Halvorson, J. I. Schaffer and M. M. Corton, Williasms Gynecology, a 3-a ed., Mc Graw Hill Education, 2016.
[3] K. Vincent, "Pelvic pain in women: clinical and scientific aspects," Curr Opin Support Palliat Care, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 143-149, June 2011.
[4] L. L. Wolf and L. Schumann, "Dysmenorrhea," Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 125-130, March 1999.
[5] M. Tadese, A. Kassa, A. A. Muluneh and G. Altaye, "Prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, associated risk factors and its relationship with academic performance among graduating female university students in Ethiopia: a cross- sectional study," BMJ Open, no. 11, 2021.
[6] C. Morrow and E. H. Naumburg, "Dysmenorrhea," Prim Care Clin Office Pract, vol. 36, pp. 19-32, 2009.
[7] A. Pejčić and S. Janković, "Risk factors for dysmenorrhea among young adult female university students," Ann Ist Super Sanità, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 98-103, 2016.
[8] R. T. Brown and G. D. Hewitt, "Chronic Pelvic Pain and Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Female Adolescents," Endocr Dev, vol. 7, p. 213–224, 2004.
[9] A. S. Osayande and S. Mehulic, "Diagnosis and Initial Management of Dysmenorrhea," American Family Physician, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 341-346, March 2014.
[10] H. Ju, M. Jones and G. Mishra, "The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dysmenorrhea," Epidemiologic Reviews, vol. 36, pp. 104-113, 2014.
[11] C. X. Chen, C. B. Draucker and J. S. Carpenter, "What women say about their dysmenorrhea: a qualitative thematic analysis," BMC Women's Health, vol. 18, no. 47, 2018.
[12] E. Vlachou, D. A. Owens, M. Lavdaniti, J. Kalemikerakis, E. Evagelou, N. Margari, G. Fasoi, E. Evangelidou, O. Govina and A. N. Tsartsalis, "Prevalence, Wellbeing, and Symptoms of Dysmenorrhea among University Nursing Students in Greece," Diseases, vol. 7, no. 5, 2019.
[13] S. Iacovides, I. Avidon and F. C. Baker, "What we know about primary dysmenorrhea today: a critical review," Human Reproduction Update, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 762-778, 2015.
[14] I. Milsom and B. Andersch, "Intra-uterine pressure and serum ibuprofen: observations after oral administration of 400 mg ibuprofen to a patient with primary dysmenorrhoea," Eur J Clin Pharmacol, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 443-446, 1985.
[15] M. Lumsden and D. Baird, "Intra-uterine pressure in dysmenorrhea," Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 183-186, 1985.
[16] M. A. Friederich, "Dysmenorrhea," Women & Health, vol. 8, no. 2-3, pp. 91-106, 1983.
[17] G. Ruoff and M. Lema, "Strategies in pain management: new and potential indications for COX-2 specific inhibitors," J Pain Symptom Manage., vol. 25, no. 2S, pp. S21-31, February 2003.
[18] Z. Barcikowska, E. Rajkowska-Labon, M. E. Grzybowska, R. Hansdorfer-Korzon and K. Zorena, "Inflammatory Markers in Dysmenorrhea and Therapeutic Options," Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 4, February 2020.
[19] H. Stella Iacovides, I. Avidon, A. Bentley and F. C. Baker, "Diclofenac Potassium Restores Objective and Subjective Measures of Sleep Quality in Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea," SLEEP, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1019-1026, 2009.
[20] A. Unsal, U. Ayranci, M. Tozun, G. Arslan and E. Calik, "Prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its effect on quality of life among a group of female university students," Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 115, p. 138–145, 2010.
[21] S. Karout, L. Soubra, D. Rahme, L. Karout, H. M. J. Khojah and R. Itani, "Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females," BMC Women’s Health, vol. 21, no. 392, 2021.
[22] M. Bernardi, L. Lazzeri, F. Perelli, F. M. Reis and F. Petraglia, "Dysmenorrhea and related disorders [version 1; referees: 3 approved]," F1000Res, vol. 6, no. 1645, 2017.
[23] S. Al-Matouq, H. Al-Mutairi, O. Al-Mutairi, F. Abdulaziz, D. Al-Basri, M. Al-Enzi and A. Al-Taiar, "Dysmenorrhea among high-school students and its associated factors in Kuwait," BMC Pediatrics, vol. 19, no. 80, 2019.
[24] M. Kazama, K. Maruyama and K. Nakamura, "Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and Its Correlating Lifestyle Factors in Japanese Female Junior High School Students," Tohoku J Exp Med, vol. 236, no. 2, pp. 107-113, 2015.
[25] L.-L. Qin, Z. Hu, A. C. Kaminga, B.-A. Luo, H.-L. Xu, X.-L. Feng and J.-H. Liu, "Association between cigarette smoking and the risk of dysmenorrhea: A meta-analysis of observational studies," PLoS ONE, vol. 15, no. 4, 2020.
[26] R. Momma, Y. Nakata, A. Sawai, M. Takeda, H. Natsui, N. Mukai and K. Watanabe, "Comparisons of the Prevalence, Severity, and Risk Factors of Dysmenorrhea between Japanese Female Athletes and Non-Athletes in Universities," Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 19, no. 52, 2022.
[27] L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Wang, C. Chen, A. G. Ronnennberg, W. Guang, A. Huang, Z. Fang, T. Zang, L. Wang and X. Xu, "Stress and dysmenorrhoea: a population based prospective study," Occup Environ Med, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 1021-1026, 2004.
[28] A. M. Weissman, A. J. Hartz, M. D. Hansen and S. R. Johnson, "The natural history of primary dysmenorrhoea: a longitudinal study," BJOG, vol. 111, pp. 345-352, April 2004.
[29] H. A. A. Helwa, A. A. Mitaeb, S. Al-Hamshri and W. M. Sweileh, "Prevalence of dysmenorrhea and predictors of its pain intensity among Palestinian female university students," BMC Women's Health, vol. 18, no. 18, 2018.
[30] H. E. Mohamed and S. E. Mansour, " The Effect of Dysmenorrhea on Quality of Life of Technical Secondary Schools Girls," Med. J. Cairo Univ., vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 83-90, December 2013.
[31] S. Sahin, K. Ozdemirb, A. Unsalc and R. Arslanb, "Review of Frequency of Dysmenorrhea and Some Associated Factors and Evaluation of the Relationship between Dysmenorrhea and Sleep Quality in University Students," Gynecol Obstet Invest, vol. 78, pp. 179-185, 2014.
[32] T. S. Midilli, E. Yasar and E. Baysal, "Dysmenorrhea Characteristics of Female Students of Health School and Affecting Factors and Their Knowledge and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Methods," Holistic Nursing Practice, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 194-204, July-August 2015.
[33] A. W. Azagew, D. G. Kassie and T. A. Walle, "Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea, its intensity, impact and associated factors among female students’ at Gondar town preparatory school, Northwest Ethiopia," BMC Women's Health , vol. 20, no. 5, 2022.
[34] H. Durand, B. Katie Monahan and B. E. McGuire, "Prevalence and Impact of Dysmenorrhea Among University Students in Ireland," Pain Medicine, vol. 22, no. 12, p. 2835–2845, 2021.
[35] A. Ullah, K. Fayyaz, U. Javed, M. Usman, R. Malik, N. Arif and A. Kaleem, "Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and Determinants of Pain Intensity Among University-Age Women," Pain Medicine, vol. 22, no. 12, 2021.
[36] N. B. Duman, F. Yıldırım and G. Vural, "Risk factors for primary dysmenorrhea and the effect of complementary and alternative treatment methods: Sample from Corum, Turkey," International Journal of Health Sciences, vol. 16, no. 3, 2022.
[37] S. Hailemeskel, A. Demissie and N. assefa, "Primary dysmenorrhea magnitude, associated risk factors, and its effect on academic performance: evidence from female university students in Ethiopia," International Journal of Women’s Health, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 489-496, 2016.
[38] E. Fernández-Martínez, M. D. Onieva-Zafra and M. L. Parra-Fernández, "Lifestyle and prevalence of dysmenorrhea among Spanish female university students," PLoS ONE, vol. 13, no. 8, 2018.
[39] M. E. Sahin, E. Sahin, Y. Madendag, I. C. Madendag, AhterTanayTayyar, FatmaOzdemir, GokhanAcmaz and IptisamIpekMuderris, "The Effect of Anterior Uterocervical Angle on Primary Dysmenorrhea and Disease Severity," Pain Research and Management, 2018.
[40] C.-M. Juang, M.-S. Yen, N.-F. Twu, H.-C. Horng, H.-C. Yu and C.-Y. Chen, "Impact of pregnancy on primary dysmenorrhea," Int J Gynaecol Obstet, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 221-7, 2006.
[41] C.-M. Juang, M.-S. Yen, H.-C. Horng, C.-Y. Cheng, C.-C. Yuan and C.-M. Chang, "Natural progression of menstrual pain in nulliparous women at reproductive age: an observational study," J Chin Med Assoc, vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 484-8, 2006.
[42] L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Wang, C. Chen, A. G. Ronnennberg, W. Guang, A. Huang, Z. Fang, T. Zang, L. Wang and X. Xu, "Stress and dysmenorrhoea: a population based prospective study," Occup Environ Med, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 1021-6, 2004.
Published
2023-01-03
How to Cite
Bobei, T. (2023). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFESTYLE, MEDICAL HISTORY AND THE PRESENCE OF DYSMENORRHEA. Romanian Journal of Clinical Research, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.33695/rjcr.v5i2.99
Section
Articles
